What
is Traumatic Brain Injury?
The Executive
Committee of the Board of Directors of the National Brain
Injury Association defined Traumatic Brain Injury as follows:
"Traumatic
Brain Injury is an insult to the brain, not of a degenerative
nature, but caused by an external force, that may produce
a diminished or altered state of consciousness (a loss of
consciousness is not necessary to have suffered a Traumatic
Brain Injury) that may produce a diminished or altered state
of consciousness, which results in impairment of cognitive
abilities or physical functioning. It can also result in the
disturbance of behavior or emotional functioning. These impairments
may be either temporary or permanent and may cause partial
or total functional disability or psychosocial maladjustment."
How many people have TBI?
TBI's contribute to a substantial number of deaths and cases of permanent disability annually.
Of the 1.4 million who sustain a TBI each year in the United States:
- 50,000 die;
- 235,000 are hospitalized;
- 1.1 million are treated and released from an emergency department.
Among children ages 0 to 14 years, TBI results in an estimated:
- 2,685 deaths;
- 37,000 hospitalizations;
- 435,000 emergency department visits annually.
The number of people with TBI who are not seen in an emergency department or who receive no care is unknown.
What causes TBI?
The leading causes of TBI are:
- Falls (28%);
- Motor vehicle-traffic crashes (20%);
- Struck by/against events (19%);
- Assaults (11%).
What are the signs and symptoms of TBI?
The signs and symptoms of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be subtle. Symptoms of a TBI may not appear until days or weeks following the injury or may even be missed as people may look fine even though they may act or feel differently
What are the long-term outcomes of TBI?
CDC estimates that at least 5.3 million Americans, approximately 2% of the U.S. population, currently have a long-term or lifelong need for help to perform activities of daily living as a result of a TBI.
TBI can cause a wide range of functional changes affecting thinking, sensation, language, and/or emotions. It can also cause epilepsy and increase the risk for conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other brain disorders that become more prevalent with age.
What are the costs of TBI?
Direct medical costs and indirect costs such as lost productivity of TBI totaled an estimated $60 billion in the United States in 2000.
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